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Framework

Most companies know their margin. Almost none know where it leaks.

A single profit number tells you whether last year worked. It does not tell you which customers you subsidise, how much capacity you paid for and did not use, or where price quietly erodes between list and pocket. The Profitability Benchmark Framework is a set of five dimensions that turn a vague sense of "we could be more profitable" into a scored position you can compare, defend and act on. Two of the five carry a published figure today. The other three carry the method and an empty cell, because we have not aggregated enough models to put a number there we could show the working for.

Cost and Profitability Consulting · 150+ TDABC engagements since 2010

In short

A profitability benchmark scores a business on five dimensions that a headline margin hides: the share of customers who are unprofitable to serve, the cost-to-serve tail, the cost of idle capacity, the margin cascade leakage between list and pocket price, and the costing maturity that determines whether you can even see the other four. Two of those five carry a figure we publish. Unprofitable-customer share runs at 20 to 40% in the models we build. Costing maturity has a median of 33 out of 100 across 19 organisations assessed between 7 May and 18 June 2026, with 89% of them scoring 50 or below. The other three we measure inside client engagements but do not yet publish, so those rows say not yet reportable. You still place your own number on all five, and the dimension where you cannot produce a number at all is usually the one worth opening first.

01What a profitability benchmark is, and is not

A benchmark is a position, not a verdict.

A benchmark does not tell you whether you are good or bad. It tells you where you sit on a distribution, and how far that is from where the recoverable margin usually hides. Two businesses with the same reported profit can sit at opposite ends of every dimension below: one earns its margin cleanly across the book, the other earns a large margin on a few accounts and gives most of it back on a long tail it cannot see.

This framework is deliberately built from operating models rather than from a survey. A survey tells you what finance leaders believe about their costs. A model tells you what the costs actually are once operational effort is attributed down to the customer and the order. That is the standard the first four dimensions are held to, and it is also why three of them still show no figure: we produce those numbers one engagement at a time, and we have not aggregated them into something we would publish. The fifth dimension, costing maturity, is different by design. It asks whether the mechanics exist at all, which is a question an organisation can answer about itself, so a structured self-assessment is the right instrument for it. That is the one figure on this page with a stated sample size behind it, and even that sample is small and self-selected.

02The five dimensions

Five numbers a headline margin cannot show you.

Each dimension answers one question and is measured one way. Where we have a figure we publish it with its source. Where we do not, the row says so rather than filling the gap with a plausible number.

01

Unprofitable-customer share

The percentage of customers that contribute negatively to profit once the true cost of serving them is attributed. The business can be profitable overall and still not know where.

02

Cost-to-serve tail

How much more the most expensive customers cost to serve than the average, driven by small, frequent, complex orders, returns and rush jobs.

03

Idle-capacity cost

The share of practical capacity that is paid for and not used, expressed in money. The number missing from most income statements.

04

Margin cascade leakage

How much margin drains away between list price and pocket price through discounts, terms, rebates and unpriced service.

05

Costing maturity

Whether the costing mechanics can even produce the four numbers above. Weak mechanics mean the other dimensions are guesses.

The five compound. Weak costing maturity hides the idle capacity, which inflates unit costs, which distorts the cost-to-serve tail, which corrupts every price in the margin cascade. That is why the framework scores all five together rather than one at a time.

THE BENCHMARK TABLE

DimensionWhat it measuresWhat we can report todayYour number
Unprofitable-customer share % of customers contributing negatively to profit after full cost attribution 20 to 40%
What we observe in the models we build. No published sample yet.
[your %]
Cost-to-serve tail Cost multiple of the most-expensive-to-serve decile vs the average customer Not yet reportable.
Measured inside individual client models. No published aggregate.
[your ×]
Idle-capacity cost Practical capacity paid for and not used, as % of resource-group cost Not yet reportable.
Measured inside individual client models. No published aggregate.
[your %]
Margin cascade leakage Margin lost between list and pocket price through discounts, terms and unpriced service Not yet reportable.
Measured inside individual client models. No published aggregate.
[your %]
Costing maturity Profit Check score across seven dimensions, out of 100 Median 33, mean 36. 89% score 50 or below.
n = 19 organisations, 7 May to 18 June 2026. The State of Costing, H1 2026.
[your score]

Costing maturity is the only row with a stated sample behind it: 19 organisations outside our team who completed the Profit Check between 7 May and 18 June 2026. Unprofitable-customer share is what we see in the models we deliver, and we have not yet published the sample for it. The remaining three we measure in client engagements but have not aggregated, so the cell stays empty until we can show the working. Last reviewed 26 July 2026.

03How to read your position

The widest gap, not the worst number, is where you start.

Placing yourself is simple, and it works even on the rows where we publish nothing. Put your own number in the last column for each dimension. On costing maturity you can compare directly: the median of the 19 organisations we assessed is 33 out of 100 and 89% of them scored 50 or below, so a score in the forties is common rather than comfortable. On unprofitable-customer share you can compare against the 20 to 40% we see in our models. On the remaining three the comparison you can make today is with yourself, and if you cannot produce the number at all, that is the finding. The dimension nobody has ever measured is usually the one carrying the most recoverable margin, precisely because nobody has looked.

A short illustration, with illustrative figures. Suppose a distributor looks unremarkable on four dimensions but finds that a large share of its customers contribute negatively once cost-to-serve is attributed. Cumulative profit climbs to well above the reported total on the profitable core, then a long tail of small, frequent orders drags it back down. The gap between the peak and the reported total is the recoverable margin. The answer is almost never to drop those customers. It is to re-price, consolidate orders and match effort to value.

Recoverable margin  =  peak cumulative profit  -  reported total profit

Where the peak sits above the total, the difference is margin the
business already earns and then gives back on the unseen tail.

Illustrative figures. The point is the shape, not the numbers: a profitability curve that peaks above the reported total is the signature of a book that earns well and leaks quietly.

THE PROFITABILITY CURVE

Illustrative. Cumulative profit rises on the profitable core, peaks above the reported total, then the unseen tail drags it back. The gap between peak and reported total is recoverable margin.

The AI angle

AI does not create the benchmark. It makes ignoring it more expensive.

As automation absorbs work that used to sit in people, the freed capacity becomes idle capacity with a cost unless something fills it, and the margin cascade gains new leakage points as AI-driven pricing and discounting scale faster than anyone can review them. Businesses that already benchmark on these five dimensions can see, in money, exactly what automation changed. Businesses that do not simply watch their unit costs move and cannot tell a saving from a demand drop.

04What we publish, and what we hold back

Dated, sourced, and honest about the sample.

One figure here carries a stated sample. Costing maturity comes from The State of Costing, H1 2026, which reports 19 organisations from outside our own team who completed the Profit Check with a business email address between 7 May and 18 June 2026. Median 33 out of 100, mean 36, and 89% scoring 50 or below. It is a small, self-selected group, most likely skewed toward organisations that already suspect a costing problem, so we read it as an early signal and not as a market census.

Unprofitable-customer share is different. The 20 to 40% is what we observe in the operating models we build, attributing operational cost down to individual customers, orders and resource groups. It is a practitioner observation across our engagement base, not a study with a published sample, and we label it that way rather than dressing it up as research.

The other three dimensions we also measure inside those models, one engagement at a time, but we have not aggregated them into figures we are prepared to publish. Until we have, those rows say not yet reportable. We would rather hand you an empty cell than a number we cannot show the working for. As the base grows we will fill them in, with the sample and the date attached. Last reviewed 26 July 2026.

Frequently asked questions

What is a profitability benchmark?
It is a scored position on five dimensions that a headline margin hides: the share of unprofitable customers, the cost-to-serve tail, the cost of idle capacity, the margin cascade leakage, and the costing maturity that determines whether you can see the other four. You put your own number against each one, and against ours on the two where we publish a figure.
What can you actually report today?
Two of the five. Costing maturity has a median of 33 out of 100, a mean of 36, and 89% scoring 50 or below, from 19 organisations who completed the Profit Check between 7 May and 18 June 2026. Unprofitable-customer share runs at 20 to 40% in the operating models we build, which is a practitioner observation rather than a study with a published sample. The cost-to-serve tail, idle capacity and margin cascade leakage are marked not yet reportable, because we have not aggregated enough models to publish a figure we could defend.
Why leave three cells empty instead of estimating?
Because an estimate presented as an observation is worse than a gap. The method for those three dimensions is sound and we use it in every engagement, but the aggregate does not exist in publishable form yet. When it does we will add it with its sample size and its date, the same way we treat the maturity figure.
Is a score near the median safe?
No. Typical and safe are different things. The median costing maturity score in our sample is 33 out of 100 and almost nine in ten scored 50 or below, so sitting at the middle of that distribution means sitting inside a group that mostly cannot defend its cost model. Being normal here is not reassuring.
Should I drop unprofitable customers?
Almost never. The recoverable margin usually comes from re-pricing, consolidating orders and matching effort to value, not from cutting accounts. Where cumulative profit peaks above the reported total before the loss-making tail drags it back, that gap is the margin to recover.
How do I find my own numbers?
Start with the Profit Check for the costing-maturity dimension, then a ProfitAudit 360 or a full model for the other four. The Profit Check takes 10 minutes and shows where your single biggest gap is.
Start here

See where you sit on all five dimensions.

The Profit Check takes 10 minutes and needs no data upload. It scores your costing maturity and points to where the other four numbers are most likely hiding. Or go straight to ProfitAudit 360 for the full diagnostic.

Duration
10 minutes
You receive
Score, 7 dimensions, sector benchmark
Price
Free, no email needed
Take it with you
Download the framework (PDF) One page, A4, the five dimensions and what we can report on each

Proof

A distributor in New Zealand. €1.335M of cost-to-serve made visible, then halved, and 830 loss-making customers brought down to 295.

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Who you would be talking to

Miguel Guimarães, Founding Partner

Cost and profitability practitioner for 25+ years. Presented the Damco cost-to-serve case at Managing for Profit (Amsterdam RAI, December 2009), on the same programme as Robert S. Kaplan.

Call +351 910 313 731

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Miguel Guimarães

Reviewed by

Miguel Guimarães

Founding Partner, Cost and Profitability Consulting

More than 150 Time-Driven ABC engagements across 11 sectors since 2010, working within the Kaplan and Anderson framework.

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